Facilitated Diffusion

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What is facilitated diffusion? In membrane, there are protein channels (pores) that allow polar molecules (soluble in water but not soluble in lipids) to move through them. The molecules that move through these channels never come into contact with the hydrophobic layer or the membrane's polar surface because these channels provide a continuous pathway for molecules that are moving through them. In this type of diffusion, like simple diffusion, no energy is consumed. Large and polar molecules require help to pass through the membrane. This help is done by a type of protein called carrier (transport) protein . To pass through the membrane, a molecules binds (temporarily) with carries protein in lipid bilayer and is transported from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.  Related topics: Simple Diffusion
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Biological filtration/Nitrogen cycle/Nitrification-The knowledge

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Biological filtration 

In biological filtration a tank is used and bacteria breakdown the dangerous ammonia into nitrites and then nitrite is further broken down into less toxic nitrates.

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient to all living organisms and is found in proteins,nucleic acids,adenosine phosphates,pyridine nucleotides and pigments                                                                                          In aquaculture there are 4 primary sources of nitrogenous wastes:

1:Urea,uric acid and amino acids excreted by fish

2:Organic debris from dead and dying organisms

3:Uneaten feed and feces and

4:Nitrogenous gas from atmosphere

• NH3,NO2 and NO3 are highly soluble in water.

•NH3 is converted to NO3 by oxidation process and overall process is called nitrification or nitrogen cycle and its reversal is called denitrification.   

NH3      → NO2 - →   NO3-            

It requires 3 moles of oxygen to convert one mole of ammonia to nitrate.                                                                             

In biological filtration method water is detoxified by using microbes and is made beneficial for aquatic life.  

 

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