Facilitated Diffusion

-
What is facilitated diffusion? In membrane, there are protein channels (pores) that allow polar molecules (soluble in water but not soluble in lipids) to move through them. The molecules that move through these channels never come into contact with the hydrophobic layer or the membrane's polar surface because these channels provide a continuous pathway for molecules that are moving through them. In this type of diffusion, like simple diffusion, no energy is consumed. Large and polar molecules require help to pass through the membrane. This help is done by a type of protein called carrier (transport) protein . To pass through the membrane, a molecules binds (temporarily) with carries protein in lipid bilayer and is transported from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.  Related topics: Simple Diffusion
Post a Comment

Biological filtration/Nitrogen cycle/Nitrification-The knowledge

-

Biological filtration 

In biological filtration a tank is used and bacteria breakdown the dangerous ammonia into nitrites and then nitrite is further broken down into less toxic nitrates.

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient to all living organisms and is found in proteins,nucleic acids,adenosine phosphates,pyridine nucleotides and pigments                                                                                          In aquaculture there are 4 primary sources of nitrogenous wastes:

1:Urea,uric acid and amino acids excreted by fish

2:Organic debris from dead and dying organisms

3:Uneaten feed and feces and

4:Nitrogenous gas from atmosphere

• NH3,NO2 and NO3 are highly soluble in water.

•NH3 is converted to NO3 by oxidation process and overall process is called nitrification or nitrogen cycle and its reversal is called denitrification.   

NH3      → NO2 - →   NO3-            

It requires 3 moles of oxygen to convert one mole of ammonia to nitrate.                                                                             

In biological filtration method water is detoxified by using microbes and is made beneficial for aquatic life.  

 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Fowl coryza/Infectious coryza in poultry in Urdu

-
Image
 For English Click[ HERE ]  پولٹری کے بیکٹیریل امراض   (Infectious Coryza)متعدی کوریزا   (Fowl Coryza)فول کوریزا• یہ انتہائی متعدی بیماری ہے۔ یہ مرغیوں کی اوپری سانس کی نالی کی ایک شدید بیماری ہے۔ وقت گزرنے کے ساتھ ساتھ یہ سانس کی دائمی(دیر تک ریہنے والی) بیماری میں بدل جاتی ہے۔    اسباب• یہ ایک متعدی بیماری ہے جو ہیمو فیلس پیراگیلیناریئم کے نام سے ایک بیکٹیریا کی وجہ سے ہے ۔یہ جراثیم چھوٹا کوکوڈ یا گرام منفی راڈ کی شکل کا ہے۔ یہ غیر محرک ہے اور ڈائی پولر داغ کو ظاہر کرتا ہے ( Clinical signs)   طبی علامتیں• اس کی طبی علامتیں درج ذیل ہیں۔ گندی بدبو کے ساتھ میوکیوڈ ناک سے خارج ہونے والا مادہ• چہرے کا ورم• آنکھ کے پیوٹوں کی سوزش)آشوب چشم)• کی سوزش wattles واٹلز کی سوزش• ڈائیریا(اسہال)• فیڈ اور پانی کا کم استعمال کرنا • علاج اور کنٹرول اگر علامات کو نوٹ کیا جاتا ہے تو اس بیماری کے علاج اور قابو پانے کے لئے درج ذیل دوائیں جانور کو دیں ۔ جینٹامیسن،پنسلن اور اسٹریپٹومیسن کو فیڈ یا پینے کے پانی میں حل کرنافچاہئے اور مناسب ڈس انفیکشن کیا جانا چاہیے۔ Pododermati...
Read more

Bacterial diseases of poultry-infectious coryza/fowl coryza-causes-symptoms-treatment

-
Image
           For Urdu click [ Here ] BACTERIAL DISEASES OF POULTRY Infectious Coryza •Fowl Coryza It is highly contagious disease. It is an acute disease of upper respiratory tract of chickens. With the passage of time it turns into chronic respiratory disease. •Etiology/Causes It is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium named as Haemophilus paragallinarium .This bacterium is small cocoid or gram negative rod shaped .It is non motile and exhibits dipolar staining. •Clinical signs Its clinical signs includ; Serous to mucoid nasal discharges with foul smelling Facial edema Conjunctivitis Swollen wattles Diarrhea Reduced feed and water consumption •Treatment and control If symptoms are noted then following medication should be done to treat and control this disease. Gentamicin,Pencillin and Streptomycin should be delivered in feed or drinking water and proper disinfection should be done.   White diarrhea   in poult...
Read more

Types of wetland-The Knowledge

-
Image
Types of wetlands There are five recognized types of wetlands.(See Wetland ) 1.Marine These are coastal wetlands including coastal lagoons,rocky shores,and coral reefs. Marine wetland 2.Estuarine It include deltas,tidal marshes,and mangrove swamps. Estuarine wetland   3.Lacustrine These wetlands are associated with lakes. Lacustrine wetland   4.Riverine These wetlands are found along rivers and streams. Riverine wetland   5.Palustrine These wetlands lack following water,”marshy”,marshes,swamps and bogs. Palustrine wetland   (See  Impoetance of wetland )  
Read more